Some IB Chemistry IA Start-Up Ideas
How does the content of ascorbic acid in common acidic foods, like lemon juice, change when heated?
Measuring the difference in pH between two acidic samples.
Separating Bacillus species from Clostridium strains using a catalase test.
Comparing the hardness of different water samples—such as ordinary tap water, purified water, or water from a nearby pond—using complexometric titration with ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA).
Building an electrolytic cell to measure how temperature variations affect the pace at which steel corrodes.
Assessing the impact of adding ethanol to gasoline on its combustion enthalpy using a water calorimeter experiment.
Assessing how heating affects the concentration of.
IB Physics IA example:
What effect does a squash ball’s temperature have on how high it bounces back when dropped from rest onto a fixed surface from a fixed height?
Introduction:
I just played squash for the first time. The squash ball must be “warmed up” before a competitive match begins. Previously, the ball hardly bounces. The ball starts to warm up after several hits. The ball now bounces two to three times as much as it did before, suggesting that collisions become more elastic at this point. The coefficient of restitution (COR) is a mathematical representation of the increase in bounce height. This represents the ratio of the velocity prior to a collision to the velocity following one. All kinetic energy is preserved in a collision that is fully elastic when COR = 1. A collision is completely inelastic when COR = 0; no kinetic energy is conserved, so there is no bounce. A ball’s COR is affected by several variables, including as the ball’s elasticity, internal pressure, and the hardness of the surface it is dropped on.
Students learn about gas concepts and the connection between temperature, pressure, and volume in Topic 3 of the IB. Students learn about forces and energy in Topic 2. In order to provide a thorough response to the research question, this study attempts to integrate the information from Topics 2 and 3.
Background information:
The gain in kinetic energy and the loss in gravitational potential energy are equivalent when an object is dropped from rest with very little air resistance.
There is a positive correlation between temperature and pressure, even if the gas in the ball cannot be considered perfect. Gas molecules move more quickly when the temperature rises because they have more kinetic energy. A larger shift in momentum occurs when molecules strike the container’s walls. A larger change in momentum exerts a stronger force on the surface according to Newton’s Second Law. As a result, the ball’s inner walls experience an increase in force. The force from the pressure acts to return the ball to its initial shape when it hits the ground, which puts force on the ball’s walls and, consequently, the ground.
According to Newton’s third rule of motion, if object A applies a force to object B, object B will return the force to A in the opposite direction and with an identical magnitude. As a result, the ball experiences an upward force from the ground that is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. A bigger force results in a greater change in momentum, which gives the ball a higher initial post-collision velocity, according to Newton’s Second Law of Motion, which states that an object’s change in momentum is directly proportional to the force acting on it.
The squash ball’s elastic qualities are also impacted by temperature. When an equal force is applied, the ball deforms more as the temperature rises. According to Hooke’s Law (F = kx), force is the result of multiplying the spring constant (k) by the length of deformation (x).
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